Hello,
I am going to upgrade my server, taking advantage of the fact that I am going to be able to put more hard disks, I wanted to take advantage of this to give a little more security (against loss) to my data.
Currently I have 2 hard drives in ext4 with information, and wanted to buy a third (same capacity all three) and place them in raid5, so that in the future, I can put more hard drives and increase the capacity.
Due to economic issues, right now I can only buy what would be the third disk, so it is impossible for me to back up the data I currently have.
The data itself is not valuable, in case any file gets corrupted, I could download it again, however there are enough teras (20) to make downloading everything a madness.
In principle I thought to put on this server (PC) a dietpi, a trimmed debian and maybe with mdadm make the raid. I have seen tutorials on how to do it (this for example https://ruan.dev/blog/2022/06/29/create-a-raid5-array-with-mdadm-on-linux ).
The question is, is there any way without having to format the hard drives with data?
Thank you and sorry for any mistakes I may make, English is not my mother language.
EDIT:
Thanks for yours answers!! I have several paths to investigate.
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Not really with mdadm raid5. But it sounds like you like to live dangerously. You could always go the BTRFS route. Yeah, I know BTRFS Raid56 “will eat your data”, but you said it’s nothing that important anyways. There are some things to keep in mind when running BTRFS in Raid5, e.g. scrub each disk individually, use Raid1c3 for metadata for example.
But basically, BTRFS is one of the only filesystems that allows you to add disks of any size or number, and you can convert the profile on the fly, while in use. So in this case, you could format the new disk with BTRFS as a single disk. Copy over stuff from one of your other disks, then once that disk is empty, add it as a additional device to your existing BTRFS volume. Then do the same with the last disk. Once that is done, you can run a balance convert to convert the single profile into a raid5 data profile.
That being said, there are quite a few caveats to be aware of. Even though it’s improved a lot, BTRFS’s Raid56 implementation is still not recommended for production use. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-btrfs/20200627032414.GX10769@hungrycats.org/
Also, I would STRONGLY recommend against connecting disks via USB. USB HD adapters are notorious for causing all kinds of issues when used in any sort of advanced setup, apart from temporary single disk usage.
Interesting, i think it will be made for my usecase. i’ll check it
Thanks for your answer!!
So I see a few problems with what you want, for a raid5 setup you will need at least four drives, since your information is striped against 3 and then the fourth is a parity drive. with 3 drives you have an incredibly high likelyhood of losing your parity drive.
To my knowledge, you will need to wipe the drives to put them in any kind of raid. Since striping is essentially making custom sections of blocks; I don’t think mdadm is smart enough to also move data files as well.
I would really recommend holding off on your project till you can back up the information, and get a fourth drive. I know there is a lot of talks between raid5 and raid6, but for me I really prefer the peace of mind that raid6 gives.
Edit: seems like it is possible with at least raid 1:https://askubuntu.com/questions/1403691/how-can-i-create-mdadm-raid1-without-losing-data
You can do RAID 5 with three disks. It’s fine. Not ideal, but fine.
My biggest concern is what OP is using as a server. If these disks are attached via USB, they are not going to have reliable connections, and it’s going to trigger frequent RAID rescans and resyncs any time one of the three disks drops out. And the extra load from that might cause even more drops.
I reread this a few times after seeing your comment, but still missing where USB was mentioned. Am I blind?
They didn’t say USB, but they did say dietpi. I’ve never played with a rpi, but I don’t think they have SATA or SAS ports, only USB.
Ah, he said PC, so I just assumed he wanted the distribution on x86. I see where you’re coming from though.
Yes, dietpi is main for SBC, but also has an iso for PCs, its and old computer with 6 sata ports
Seconding this. For starters, when tempted to go for Raid5, go for Raid6 instead. I’ve had drives fail in Raid5, and in turn have a second failure during the increased I/O associated with replacing a failed drive.
And yes, setting up RAID wipes the drives. Is the data private? If not, a friendly datahoarder might help you out with temporary storage.
I run RAID5 on one device… BUT only because it replicates data that’s on 2 other local devices AND that data is backed up to a cloud storage.
And I still want it to be RAID 6.
Story time!
In this one production cluster at work (1.2PB across four machines, 36 drives per machine) everything was Raid6, except ONE single volume on one of the machines that was incorrectly set up as Raid5. It wasn’t that worrysome, as the data was also stored with redundancy across the machines in the storage cluster itself (a nice functionality of beegfs), but it annoyed the fuck out of me for the longest time.
There was some other minor deferred maintenance as well which necessitated a complete wipe, but there was no real opportunity to do this and rebuild that particular RAID volume properly until last spring before the system was shipped off to Singapore to be mobilized for a survey. I planned on getting it done before the system was shipped, so I backed up what little remained after almost clearing it all out, nuked the cluster, disassembled the raid5, and then started setting up everything from scratch. Piece of cake, right?
shit
That’s when I learned how much time it actually takes to rebuild a volume of 12 disks, 10TB each. I let it run as long as I could before it had to be packed up. After half a year of slow shipping it finally arrived on the other side of the planet, so I booked my plane ticket and showed up a week before anyone else just so I could connect power and continue the reraiding before the rest of the crew showed up. Basically, pushing a few buttons, followed by a week of sitting at various cafes drinking beer. Once the reraid was done, reclustering was done in less than an hour, and restoring the folder structure backup was a few hours on top of that. Not the worst work trip I’ve had, except from some unexpected and unrelated hardware failures, but that’s a story for another day.
Fun fact: While preparing the system for shipment here in Europe, I lost one of my Jabra bluetooth buds. I searched fucking everywhere for hours, but gave up on finding it. I found it half a year later in Singapore, on top of the server rack, surprised it hadn’t even rolled down. It really speaks to how little these huge container ships roll.
Haha, everything about that story is awesome, right down to the lost and found Jabra ear bud (does Jabra exist any more? At one time their ear pieces were the best).
Yes, re-silvering takes fucking forever. Even with my little setups (a few TB), it can take a day or two to rebuild one drive in an array. One.
I can only imagine how long a PB array would take.
Jabra still exists yes. I’m still using Jabra, although I’m using a pair that I bought after I thought that one earbud was gone forever. I still use the older ones, which was Jabra Elite 4, but only with my PC, as its battery took a hit after those 6 months at sea. I currently main Jabra Active 7 or something like that, and I quite like them. I noticed that the cover doesn’t stay very attached after a few proper cleans, but nothing a drop of glue doesn’t fix. What I really like about the ones I currently use is that they’re supposedly built to withstand sweat while training. I don’t work out, but it would seem that those who do sweat A LOT, as I can wear mine while showering without any issues.
As for resilvering, the RAIDs are only a small fraction each of the complete storage cluster. I don’t remember their exact sizes, but each raid volume is 12 drives of 10TB each. Each machine has three of these volumes. Four machines total contributes all of its raid volumes to the storage cluster for 1.2PB of redundant storage (although I’m tempted to drop the beegfs redundancy, as we could use the extra space, and it’s usually fairly hassle free to swap in a new server and move the drives over).
EDIT: I just realized that I have this Jabra confference call speaker attached to the laptop on which I’m currently typing. I mostly use it for discord while playing project zomboid with my friends, though. I run audio output elsewhere, as the jabra is mono only.
Wut…
I think you’re missing the point of RAID here, possibly. Where’s the reliability in this?
Not to speak for the person above you. But I believe they are saying they have 1 computer with a raid5 array, that backs up to two different local servers, and then at least 1 of those 3 servers backs up to a cloud provider.
If that is true then they are doing it correctly. It is highly recommended to follow a 3-2-1 storage solution, where you back up to a local backup and a cloud backup for redundancy.
Ahhh, makes sense. That kind of wrecked my brain for a moment.
Lol, sorry, I really tried to make it clear what I was doing, honest, I did! 😄
Yes, I have 3 local devices that replicate to each other, one is RAID5, (well, 2 are, but…not for long). And one of them also does backup to a cloud storage.
Not ideal, because 3 devices are colocated, but it’s what I can do right now. I’m working on a backup solution to include friends and family locations (looking to replicate what Crashplan used to provide in their “backup to friends” solution).
If i goes to raid5 i lost one disk of space, to go to raid6 i have to lost 2 disks.
Its a pesonal proyect, and the motherboard has only 6satas, one of them used by the SO disk, and i want to be able of upgrade it in a future…
It’s possible to convert drives to RAID in-place… but strongly discouraged.
Since OP will have a blank drive, they could play musical chairs by setting up a new RAID on the new empty drive, copy data from one drive, wipe that drive, grow the array, copy data from the third drive, wipe, grow… But that’s going to take a long time, and you’ll have to keep notes about where you are in the process, lest you forget which drive is which over the multiple days this will take.
If you used ZFS this would be easier to fix. I would recommend switching to it.
It sounds like you need another disk. I know that isn’t always possible and if it isn’t delete enough data to to copy it over to a single disk. Without backups you are destined to lose your data anyway.
For a ZFS three disk I would go with raidz1 as that will give you one drive for redundancy.
My recommendation would be to utilize LVM. Set up a PV on the new drive and create an LV filling the drive (wit an FS), then move all the data off of one drive onto this new drive, reformat the first old drive as a second PV in the volume group, and expand the size of the LV. Repeat the process for the second old drive. Then, instead of extending the LV, set the parity option on the LV to 1. You can add further disks, increasing the LV size or adding parity or mirroring in the future, as needed. This also gives you the advantage that you can (once you have some free space) create another LV that has different mirroring or parity requirements.
Just use Snapraid & MergerFS. No special Hardware required and you don’t need to change what is on your disks.
From a quick search: https://perfectmediaserver.com/02-tech-stack/snapraid/
If all of your data won’t fit on one single drive, you can’t increase your reliability with RAID at this point. You need at least one drive of a size capable of holding all your data to replicate to at least one other drive for RAID 1 at a minimum. Increasing RAID levels from there with replication (not just striping) will only reduce the total amount of space available from the smallest drive capacity in the disk group until you hit a certain number of drives.
Honestly, if you’re wanting to increase reliability for fear of data loss, take a run through your data and see if there’s anything you can ditch (or easily replace later), see how small that data set can be. Revisit RAID combinations after that.
I can recover all, but the time to redownload will be too long :)
