- cross-posted to:
- technology@lemmy.world
- technology@beehaw.org
- cross-posted to:
- technology@lemmy.world
- technology@beehaw.org
A pseudonymous coder has created and released an open source “tar pit” to indefinitely trap AI training web crawlers in an infinitely, randomly-generating series of pages to waste their time and computing power. The program, called Nepenthes after the genus of carnivorous pitcher plants which trap and consume their prey, can be deployed by webpage owners to protect their own content from being scraped or can be deployed “offensively” as a honeypot trap to waste AI companies’ resources.
“It’s less like flypaper and more an infinite maze holding a minotaur, except the crawler is the minotaur that cannot get out. The typical web crawler doesn’t appear to have a lot of logic. It downloads a URL, and if it sees links to other URLs, it downloads those too. Nepenthes generates random links that always point back to itself - the crawler downloads those new links. Nepenthes happily just returns more and more lists of links pointing back to itself,” Aaron B, the creator of Nepenthes, told 404 Media.
More accurately, it traps any web crawler, including regular search engines and benign projects like the Internet Archive. This should not be used without an allowlist for known trusted crawlers at least.
Just put the trap in a space roped off by robots.txt - any crawler that ventures there deserves being roasted.
Yup, put all the bad stuff into “not-robots.txt”. Works every time.
More accurately, it traps any web crawler
More accurately, it does not trap any competent crawlers, which have per domain limits on how many pages they crawl.
You would still want to tell the crawlers that obey robots.txt do not pay attention to that part of the website. Otherwise it’s just going to break your SEO
How exactly would that work? Would trusted crawlers be blocked from accessing the maze?
You can tell what crawler its is by useragent header
Which can easily be faked.
All of cyber security is an arms race of moving targets. It doesn’t need to be foolproof to mitigate traffic for a while.
But then they’re probably not going to obey robots.txt anyway so it doesn’t matter
Most legal robots do. Those who don’t - among them many AI feeders - deserve to be drowned in the shit that the honeypot delivers.
Yeah and then you allowlist them by blacklisting them from the maze.
But does running this cost the AI bot at least as much as it costs you to run?
Picking words at random from a dictionary would not be very compute intensive, the content doesn’t need to be sensical
Yes, the scraper is going to mindlessly gobble up information. At best they’d expend more resources later to try and determine the value of the content but how do you do that really? Mostly I think they’re hoping the good will outweigh the bad.
It honestly depends. There are random drive by scrapers that will just do what they can, usually within a specific budget for a domain and move on. If you have something specific though that someone wants you end up in an arms race pretty quickly as they will pay attention and tune their crawler daily.
It does if you use AI to generate the pages it’s scraping.
This sort of thing has been a strategy for dealing with unwanted web crawlers since web crawlers were a thing. It’s an arms race, though; crawlers do things to detect these “mazes” and so the maze-makers keep needing to up their game as well.
As we enter an age where AI is effectively passing the Turing Test, it’s going to be tricky making traps for them that don’t also ensnare the actual humans you’re trying to serve pages to.
This won’t work against commercial crawlers. They check page contents with something similar to a simhash and don’t recrawl these pages. They also have limiters like for depth to avoid getting stuck in circular links.
You could generate random content for each new page, but you’ll still eventually hit the depth limit. There are probably other rules related to content quality to limit crawling too.
This reminds me of that one time a guy figured out how to make “gzip bombs” that bricked automated vuln scanners.
deleted by creator
DDoS? Where was the distribution part?
deleted by creator
I haven’t seen that episode in probably 15 years and I still remember exactly what this was.
First thing that popped into my head after I read the headline!
Can you explain for the rest of the class?
I’m surprised no one has created a trek wiki separate from the shitty fandom site yet. Sometimes when I search for Doom info I accidentally click the fandom link and have to go back out to get the .org site.
The Minecraft wiki has been way better since they ditched Fandom.
I was aware of the two Doom wikis, but not the reason there was a split, and I’ve heard other complaints about fandom sites before. What’s the deal with that? I’m out of the loop.
fandom.com has awful intrusive ads and a shitty slow website (probably largely because of the ads)
Thank you!
Yeah, that has like 0 chances for working. At most it would annoy bots for web search, at least it has a proper robots.txt.
But any agent trying to process data for AI is not going to go to random websites. It’s going to use a curated list of sites with valuable content.
At this point text generation datasets can be achieved with open data, and data sold by companies like reddit or Microsoft, they don’t need to “pirate” your blog posts.
scrape.maxDepth = 5
LOL wow, this is probably the most elegant way to say what I just said to somebody else. Well written web crawlers aren’t like sci-fi robots that rock back and forth smoking when they hear something illogical.
What’s stopping the sites with valuable content from using this?
A bot that’s ignoring robots.txt is likely going to be pretending to be human. If your site has valuable content that you want to show to humans, how do you distinguish them from the bots?
What is robots.txt?
A file that “robots” are supposed to respect when they index a website. Here’s Googles https://www.google.com/robots.txt
I think sites that feel they have valuable content can deploy this and hope to trap and perhaps detect those bots based on how they interact with the tarpit
True to a limited extent. Anyone can post a link to somebody’s blog on a site like reddit without the blogger’s permission, where a web crawler scanning through posts and comments would find it. But I agree with you that a thing like Nepehthes probably wouldn’t work. Infinite loop detection is an important part of many types of software and there are well-known techniques for it, which as a developer I would assume a well written AI web crawler would have (although I’ve never personally made one).
I suspect that there are many websites that already dynamically generate an unbounded number of pages based on the links one clicks, and that Web spiders will have needed to deal with those for as long as there have been people spidering the Web, which is going to be no later than the first Web search engines.
I’d guess that if nothing else, they cap how far they spider a site. Probably a lot more sophisticated, use heuristics to figure out which sites are more worth spending indexing resources on, as it’s not just whether to spider but also the frequency with which to do so. Some parts of a site are more “valuable” than others – for a search engine, a more desirable target for users clicking on results – and some will update more frequently and are more-useful to re-spider at higher frequency. Google will return current news articles, yet still indexes a large portion of the content out there. They won’t be doing that by simply sending GoogleBot at everything that they’ve indexed at a fixed frequency.
This genus named genius game is sending pain to these previous devious data devourors
What a great name!
The modern equivalent of making a page that loads in two frames, left and right, which each load in two frames, top and bottom, which each load in two frames, left and right …
As I recall, this was five lines of HTML.
I remember making one of those.
It had a faux URL bar at the top of both the left and right frame and used a little JavaScript to turn each side into its own functioning browser window. This was long before browser tabs were a mainstream thing. At the time, relatively small 4:3 or 5:4 ratio monitors were the norm, and I couldn’t bear the skinny page rendering at each side, so I gave it up as a failed experiment.
And yes I did open it inside itself. The loaded pages were even more ridiculously skinny.
When I did my five lines, recursively opening frames inside frames ad infinitum, it would crash browsers of the time in a matter of twenty seconds.
This is really nostalgic for me. I can see the Netscape throbber in my mind.
it might he useful to generate text on the random urls then test different repetitions to see of you can leave a mark on the training data… So after X repetitions or injected information, release the bot back into the wild with whatever message or false info you want it saddled with.
I suggest they should generate random garbage content that’s different for every page. Ideally u would want to design it in a way that makes the model that is trained from that source misbehave in some way. Perhaps use another LLM to generate text but u take the tokens that are least likely to be next. U could also probably apply some technique to embed meaning into the text into a non human discernable manner that the LLM will learn to decode and thus teach it things without the developers being any the wiser. Teach the ai to think subversive thoughts in patterns of whitespace etc. Basically once the LLM is trained on something its hard to untrain it and if it doesn’t get caught until its in a production environment they are screwed.
- Invent some incredibly specific but entirely false fact (e.g. the kingdom of bolivia was once ruled by King Aron the Benevolent before he was brutally murdered by his cousin-in-law over a dispute about the colonies)
- Embed said fact in invisible font among material you own the copyright to
- Let AI bots suck it up as training data
- Ask random AI bots about King Aron the Benevolent of Bolivia and sue the companies since you now have proof that they violated your copyright
I mean this probably wouldn’t work from a legal standpoint, but whatever. It’s nice to image.
Great suggestion. Ever feel like youre stuck in a maze or did you just have an llm stroke?